Lions & Hippos & Buffalos, Oh My!!

I think the giraffes were my favorite because they are so huge but graceful. The darker the spots, the older the animal.

The trip to Murchison Falls National Park was extraordinary!  We saw so many animals and the scenery is gorgeous.  Yesterday we took a game drive in the late afternoon and were arriving back just before dusk and the grasslands were just covered with animals at their time of feeding.  It is so interesting to see them all living happily together, for the most part.  We did get to see 2 lion cubs and it was clear that the antelopes had moved away from them and were kind of nervous.  Here are some of my pictures.  Enjoy and imagine….

Elephant- these were by far the most shy of the animals we saw and didn't remain near for long

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Murchison Falls

This morning we took a boat ride on the Victoria Nile river and saw hundreds of hippos! The ranger said there are about 2000 here. We also saw huge crocodiles- the largest species if crocs in the world- along with elephants and lots of birds. The only picture I can share right now is a picture of the falls. The animals are on my real camera. I’ll post some later.

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Animal Kingdom in “Real Life”

Tuesday June 28, 2011

Knowing that by this time our research would almost done, we planned for a respite at Murchison National Park in Uganda.  I don’t think I told you that there are now 7 of us doing work in Masindi.  Dr. Godlove Fonjweng, the Director of Global Education at Wilkes joined Joe and me for our initial trip to Masindi and has been helping do the village interviews for my project.  Four others joined us to conduct their own project regarding the impact of safe water on the community- another faculty member and a recent alumni from Wilkes along with a faculty members from two other colleges in the Wilkes-Barre, PA area.  So all 7 of us left Masindi this morning to travel about 2 hours north to the park and now we just got back from our first Game Drive.  Wow, it was totally fantastic!  The landscape was just beautiful with numerous shades of green that transitioned from woodland savannah to grassland savannah and back again.  The land was covered with long grasses, a variety of bushes along with Acacia trees and Palm trees.  The latter is not indigenous to this area but we were told that the Palm tree seeds were brought to Murchison by migrating elephant herds from the Sudan via their feces many years ago.  Now the trees are all over and from a distance the scene reminded me of the picture of the Truffula Trees in the book by Dr. Seuss, The Lorax.  We actually started seeing animals on our way in into the park; as we drove along we would see baboons sitting all over the road ahead. Our driver slowed down and so we could try to catch them in a picture.  Once the Game Drive started, though, the animals became more prominent.  We saw all kinds of “antelope-related” creatures, warthogs, buffalo, giraffe and elephants.  It was so amazing!  Our van had a roof that popped up so we could stand up and take picture unencumbered by windows.  I will attach some below.  I hope to be able to figure out exactly what the animals are called tomorrow.  We are taking a boat ride down the Nile River in the morning and then plan to hike up to the falls and then another Game Drive in the afternoon.  Oh, I forgot to tell you that we drove to the top of Murchison Falls even before we got to our hotel.  It was a beautiful site.  The pictures will look a little “foggy” because the spray from the water was so strong.  I have been trying to load pics for a little while now but the connection is so slow. I will post one so you can share some of my excitement but you’ll have to wait until tomorrow for more.

Wild Animals in Murchison- see the Giraffe in the Background? Many more to come...

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Reflections about Water

Sunday June 26, 2011

Hello again from Masindi!  I can’t believe I’ve been here for only a few days. We’ve been so busy and have accomplished a lot!  Our research is almost done.  But before I tell you about that I just wanted to reflect for a moment.  I am staying at a really quaint hotel called the New Court View Hotel.  All the rooms are individual bantas.  These are little huts that are made to look like the native homes in the area, except that they are square not cylindrical and are made with brick and cement mortar with a real roof, which is just covered with grass rather than red clay dirt and only grass for roofing.  (see picture)Hotel Room at New Court View Masindi, Uganda

The open-water source that is the primary drinking water for the Village of Mboira

 

Anyway, it is evening and I just got out of a really hot shower.  I mention the “hot” because heated water is something we take for granted in the US. This hotel uses solar panels to heat the water, which is a real benefit because they don’t have to rely on the “not so reliable” electrical grid in Masindi.  As I think I told you before, the water for bathing in Tanzania had to be heated on a wood stove and that works just fine but it takes more effort and forethought than just turning on the faucet and letting it run until the water gets hot. And speaking of that, I have a new appreciation for the luxury of having clean, hot and cold water. The very first day we went to the villages, we were shown the open water source that the community uses as their one and only water source.  As you can see from the picture, it is really horrible.  I thought that I would find out that at least they knew to boil the water before using it, but as we conducted the interviews it became quite clear that no one does that.  They did seem to know that this would have been a good idea so it puzzled me as to why they didn’t do this. It turns out that the limiting factor is the costliness of the firewood.  Just think how much firewood you would need overtime if the ONLY way you cooked anything was over a wood fire.  Most villagers are very, very poor and have to conserve the meager resources they have.  Today we went and spoke with the health workers at a medical clinic near the villages where we conducted our interviews. Right across from the clinic is a bore-hole well that was put in my the district government which is great but it is the only protected water source available to a population of 1600 people and sometimes there isn’t enough water for all.  Also, it breaks down from time to time and although it is usually fixed within a few days, the need for water doesn’t cease so people resort to unclean open water sources for those days and end up getting sick with diarrheal illness and worms.  In Tanzania I learned how to effectively and efficiently bathe with minimal amounts of water and here, although I let the shower run briefly, I have started to collect the water in the bucket that is provided and wash with that while I have the shower turned off.  I can then turn the shower on for a moment to quickly rinse off.  Here I am partially motivated by the sites I’ve seen and stories I’ve heard, but also motivated because I am currently in an area with limited access to water and I feel that any effort I put forth will be truly helpful.  Once I return home it will be harder because it will seem like my efforts are only a drop in a large bucket and won’t seem to matter.  But just think:  If we all do our best to conserve water we can make a big difference.  I’m pretty sure there are parts of our country as well (USA) where water isn’t consistently available or where droughts can occur.  Well, it is really late for me and I can hardly keep my eyes open. I am learning so much on this trip and have been enjoying every minute.  I will fill you in on the trips to the villages at another time, in short,  I am really pleased with the way everything is working out.  Thanks for all your comments- I got a chance to review most briefly today and will try to respond to the questions soon.

Village of Mboira

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Masindi, Uganda at Last

Wednesday June 22, 2011

Joe and I in at the BTA Office in Masindi

We made it to Masindi!  Our 4 hour trip was pretty uneventful until we arrived at out hotel only to find out that they gave the rooms we reserved to someone else. They then said that they booked us rooms at a neighboring hotel until they had rooms available but the other hotel also gave away our rooms.  So we spent the next hour going from hotel to hotel looking for vacancy as well as trying to negotiate a reasonable rate.  That is something that is very different about Africa as compared to the US.  Prices are often negotiable rather than set and the amount you end up paying is often related to how persistent you are.  For example, we had been paying $30,000 Ush each way (just under $15) for our rides to and from the Makerere University- this was probably only about 10 miles at the most but took usually 30-60min depending on the traffic.  But on the last day, we asked the MakCHS student to help us negotiate and he got us a rate of $23,000 Ush and seemed totally fine with the deal.  Anyway, back to Masindi.  Once we finally got a hotel, we met the Busoga Trust America (BTA) guys at a restaurant, ironically at our original hotel that gave away our rooms, and had a nice meal, that ended up being “on the house” because the owner was very sorry for the mix-up.  We had a great meeting with the site managers for BTA.  We were able to talk about their process of providing shallow dug wells for safe water and how they present programs on sanitation and hygiene as well as discuss the research.  By the way, the electricity has been out for 2 days in Masindi. I still have electricity and lights because the hotel is using a generator, as everyone in town seems to be doing. That is nice but the generators are a bit loud.

PS:  It turned out that the electricity was out for a little more than 3 days! But almost everyday it has some on-off time.

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Kampala, Uganda: Successful Meetings

A New Community Pharmacy in Kampala

Tuesday June 21, 2011

I spent most of the day meeting with the Professor with whom I’ve been having email conversations for the past year and a half.  It was so great to finally meet him in person!  After talking a bit, we got down to the business of trying to figure out where my research approval was in the process and if I will be able to get approval to speak with people in Masindi.  A couple of weeks ago, I was notified that the process of approval was delayed in the Ugandan President’s office and that I should email someone for provisional approval.  But, since I was already in Tanzania and without Internet access that was difficult. I finally asked my colleague back in PA to email on my behalf but as of yesterday, he hadn’t heard anything.  Well, today I have very good news.  The Professor took me to the government research office, the Uganda National Committee for Science and Technology (UNCST) to investigate and coincidentally, they actually sent me an email this morning saying that my project was approved pending provision of a letter of collaboration from the Professor at MakCHS.  It also said they were missing copies of the RS6 forms that I had sent from the US as well as some of the passport photos.  So, we headed back to the University, the letter was written, and we copied the forms that, thankfully, I had brought with me.  I couldn’t do anything about the passport photos but was hoping that since the missing ones were from the student who is not actually in Uganda with me they would still process the paperwork. Also, the letter instructed me to pay the $300 USD research fee so I was going to have Wilkes University process the wire transfer but since that may take 48 hours and slow the process, I decided to withdraw the equivalent Ush from the bank and manually deposit it into the correct account.  I was able to successfully manage this at the bank and then with all the documents we headed back to UNCST.  And, guess what?  When we arrived with the copies of the RS6 forms, we were told that they weren’t needed and that it was just the passport photos.  When I said that I had sent them, the file was checked again and thankfully, the photos were there- they were just stapled to the wrong form.  So, now my file is complete and I have been told I should have the approval letter by this Thursday or Friday.  Needless to say, I will be saying a prayer for expediency.  We are leaving for Masindi tomorrow and by Thursday afternoon will be ready to start interviewing participants, if we get the approval.

I was so glad that the Professor was willing to run all over town with me to get this taken care of.  And in the process, I was able to get a much broader view of the city.  We ate lunch at the café by the golf course in a beautiful setting.  There appears to be many, many faces to Kampala.  There are areas that are clearly “slums” and then there are buildings with marble steps and excellent views of the city.  Kampala is a city made up of several hills (7 large ones) and everywhere you look you can see them.  In the afternoon we toured some community pharmacies.  It was interesting to learn that pharmacists can “prescribe” medications for patients who come in seeking advice that in the US are on prescription only.  For example, if a patient has complaints that sound like a sinus infection, the pharmacist can dispense antibiotics.  In the evening I went to another restaurant with my hosts.  This one was on top of one of the hills and overlooked Lake Victoria.  It was a beautiful view and I tried to take some pictures but they won’t be able to capture the scene adequately. Also, the meal was delicious. Most of the food I’ve eaten since in Africa has been “local fare” and includes several starches, including mashed plantain, cassava, potato, rice, along with maybe some pumpkin or beans and then served with a meat or vegetable sauce that you pour over everything and eat.  It is tasty, but it was nice to have a steak this evening.  Tomorrow morning we head out to Masindi to continue our adventure.  Talk to you later.

View of Kampala from Cassia Lodge

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Kampala: Day 1

Monday, June 20, 2011

Joe (Wilkes Student) & Joseph (MakCHS Student) on CampusA view of Mulago Hospital

Today we had a “special hire” driver (that is what Ugandan’s call our American Taxis) pick us up to go to Makerere University to meet with a faculty member and pharmacy student.  The meeting was fabulous.  I loved talking with them and was able to learn all about their school system and the pharmacy program at Makerere.  It was really interesting to learn that their entire curriculum is Problem Based Learning (PBL).  This is started at year 1 of pharmacy and all of the basic sciences are taught in an integrated fashion with students of the medical school, nursing school, dental school, and pharmacy school together in 1 class.  In brief, PBL is a teaching technique where the faculty create problems or assignments to teach a concept or material that student must solve on their own by working in groups and reading on their own.  The faculty member might give a short overview lecture but most of the time the faculty are acting as facilitators rather than “spoon-feeding” the students information.  Makerere College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) has been using this teaching method since 2005.  Another interesting part of their curriculum is their Community Based Education and Service course (CoBES).  This is part of every year of pharmacy school and involves the same multidisciplinary group of students as in the PBL and they go out into the community to visit patients together.  In the US there is a big movement to do this same thing where students of multiple health disciplines can learn together to help patients and we call it Interprofessional Education (IPE).  And MakCHS has been doing this same thing already!  In the afternoon, the pharmacy student from MakCHS took my student and I on a walking tour of the campus and Mulago Hospital.  It was very interesting to get to see much more of the city and the walking wore us out.  It wasn’t so much the distance- that was not a problem- but at every street crossing you have to be very careful not to get hit by a car pulling out or a boda-boda weaving in and out of traffic.  But, after this walk and our couple of special hire rides, I am getting much more comfortable with Kampala.  Traffic is not actually bad all the time.  Sometimes we move along quite well at the less busy times of day.

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